Linguistic Issue (11)

Comparison Connectives 

	Transition Connectives
Similarity likewise	Cancer can make somebody’s life come to an end;similarly /likewise AIDS can end somebody’s life.
also	Cancer can end somebody’s life ;AIDS can also.
too	Cancer can end somebody’s life ;AIDS can too.
	Subordinators
as just as	Cancer can end somebody’s life ,just as /as AIDS can. N.B: When ‘just as’ or ‘as’ is used in the middle between a principal clause and a subordinate clause , a comma must be placed before them.
and	Cancer and AIDS are fatal diseases.
both.....and	Both cancer and AIDS are fatal diseases.
not only----but also	Not only cancer but also AIDS are fatal diseases.
neither----nor	Neither physicians nor medicine can help patients with hopeless cases.
	Miscellaneous Connectives
like + noun just + noun similar to + noun	Cancer,like /just like /similar to, AIDS can be fatal diseases.
(be) like (be) similar to (be) the same as	Chemotherapy is like /similar to /the same as radiotherapy in their ability to treat cancer.
(be) the same	In their ability to treat cancer,chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the same.
(be) alike (be) similar	Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are alike /similar in their ability to treat cancer.
Compared  (to /with )	Chemotherapy can not be compared (to /with ) radiotherapy in relation to their effects on the cancer patient.

Contrast Connectives

There are two kinds of contrast connectives :

1- Contradictory Argument ( Casual Results)

These connectives points out that the information introduced in one of the clauses is not the result of the information introduced in the other clause .

Example : Although the physicians did all their best to save the patient’s life,the patient eventually died.

	Transition Connectives
however nevertheless nonetheless still	Millions of people use the internet ; however /nevertheless /nonetheless /still ,very few succeed in ideally using it.
	Subordinators
although even though though	Although /Even though /Though millions of people use the internet,very few succeed in ideally using it.
	Coordinators
but yet	The astronauts say that there is life on the other planets ,but /yet there is no obvious evidence about the credibility of this assumption.
	Miscellaneous Connectives
Despite + Noun In spite of + Noun	Despite/ In spite of the physician’s efforts to save the patient’s life,the patient died.

2-Explicit Contrariety

The following connectives show that two things are in contradiction with each other.

	Transition Connectives
however in contrast in (by) comparison on the other hand	Seniors love classical music; however / in contrast /in comparison /by comparison /on the other hand,,young people love jazz music.
on the contrary	Literature is not just one genre ; on the contrary, literature has many genres such as satire, epic, tragedy,comedy and nonfiction. N.B: ‘on the contrary’ contrasts a true fact with untrue fact.
	Subordinators
while whereas	The weather is extremely hot in Africa ,while /whereas the weather is extremely cold in Antarctica. N.B: A comma must be placed before ‘while’ and ‘whereas’ when they link subordinate and principal clauses together.
	Coordinators
but	The internet has started to be used in governmental offices, but today,the internet is used in almost every domain of life.
	Miscellaneous Connectives
differ from	The communists differ from the capitalists ideologically.
compared (to /with)	The communists can not be compared to /compared with the capitalists ideologically.
(be) different from (be) dissimilar to	Today’s legislators are different from/ dissimilar to former legislators.
(be) unlike	Unlike former legislators, today’s legislators maintain human rights.